Before discussing a patient's status with family, what is generally required?

• A. Consent is not required in emergencies
• B. Written consent from the patient
• C. Consent from family members is sufficient
• D. No consent is ever needed

Answer: (B)

Respecting a patient’s autonomy and privacy means you must obtain the patient’s permission before sharing health information with family. This is typically done through written authorization that specifies what information can be shared and with whom. Written consent protects the patient’s rights and provides a clear, lawful basis for disclosure under privacy laws. In emergencies where the patient can’t respond, clinicians may share information as needed for treatment, but the standard practice is to obtain written consent whenever possible. Allowing family to decide on the patient's behalf or sharing without consent would violate privacy protections.