Face validity concerns which aspect?

• A. Degree to which a measurement reflects the meaningful elements of a construct
• B. Degree to which a measurement yields consistent results across raters
• C. Degree to which a test adequately covers the content domain
• D. Degree to which a measurement appears to test what it is supposed to test

Answer: (D)

Face validity is about appearance: does the test seem to measure what it’s supposed to measure, at face value? It relies on subjective judgment about whether the items look relevant and appropriate, not on data or formal evidence. That’s why the option describing something that appears to test what it is supposed to test is the best fit. The other ideas involve different aspects: content validity relates to whether the test covers all relevant areas of the domain, reliability (inter-rater) concerns consistency of scoring, and construct validity concerns whether the test truly reflects the meaningful elements of the underlying construct. Face validity answers the question of surface appearance and plausibility, not actual measurement properties.