Internal fixation involves which of the following?

• A. Surgical procedure using metal plates, rods, wires, screws, and nails.
• B. External frame with pins crossing the skin.
• C. Involves no implants.
• D. Is used to drain urine.

Answer: (A)

Internal fixation stabilizes a fracture by placing hardware inside the body to hold the bone pieces in proper alignment while they heal. This typically involves metal plates, screws, rods, wires, or intramedullary nails attached to or placed within the bone. This approach is done surgically and aims to provide rigid stability, allowing early movement and proper alignment. It contrasts with external fixation, which uses a frame outside the skin with pins crossing through to the bone. It also requires implants, so saying no implants would be incorrect, and it’s not about urine drainage.