Which modality uses high-frequency sound waves to evaluate heart function in real time and shows size and function of ventricles, thickness of septums, walls, valves and chambers?

• A. Echocardiography
• B. CT scan
• C. Fluoroscopy
• D. Bronchoscopy

Answer: (A)

Ultrasound-based imaging of the heart uses high-frequency sound waves to create real-time images of how the heart works. This modality lets you see the size and function of the ventricles, measure wall thickness including the septum, and watch how the walls and valves move during each beat. Because it provides live motion, you can assess systolic and diastolic function, estimate ejection fraction, and detect regional wall-motion abnormalities, valve regurgitation or stenosis, and even pericardial effusion. It’s noninvasive, often done at the bedside, and involves no ionizing radiation. Other imaging options rely on X-rays or endoscopy and don’t offer the same real-time, detailed view of heart motion and valvular function that echocardiography provides.