Which of the following is a contraindication for superficial thermotherapy?

• A. Acute MS trauma
• B. Osteoarthritis
• C. Normal activities
• D. Healthy tissue

Answer: (A)

Applying heat increases tissue temperature, which promotes vasodilation, higher blood flow, and faster metabolic activity. In an acute musculoskeletal injury, inflammation and swelling are already present, and heat can amplify these processes, potentially increasing edema, pain, and bleeding and delaying healing. Because of that, acute musculoskeletal trauma is a contraindication for superficial thermotherapy. In contrast, heat can help with osteoarthritis by easing stiffness and pain, and is generally safe for healthy tissue or during normal activity when there isn’t active inflammation.